Membrane dynamics and spatial distribution of Salmonella-containing vacuoles.

Salmonella enterica are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause intestinal and systemic diseases, and replicate within host cells in a membrane-bound compartment, the Salmonella-containing vacuole. Intravacuolar bacterial replication depends on spatiotemporal regulated interactions with host cell vesicular compartments. Recent studies have shown that type III secretion effector proteins control both the vacuolar membrane dynamics and intracellular positioning of bacterial vacuoles. The functions of these effectors, which are beginning to be understood, disclose a complex hijacking of host cell microtubule motors--kinesins and dynein--and regulators of their function, and suggest interactions with the Golgi complex. Here, we discuss current models describing the mode of action of Salmonella type III secretion effector proteins involved in these processes.