BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence points toward a modifying role of Staphylococcus aureus and its products in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine and mediator production after stimulation with S aureus-derived proteins enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid in nasal polyp and control inferior turbinate tissue. METHODS: Tissue fragments were stimulated with RPMI (negative control), enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid for 30 minutes and 24 hours. Supernatants were measured by multiplex for proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and T-cell and subset-related cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13). Histamine, TGF-beta1, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D(2) were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: Thirty minutes of protein A stimulation resulted in a significant increase of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D(2). Enterotoxin B stimulation over a period of 24 hours induced a significant increase of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in both groups, with this increase significantly higher in nasal polyps compared with controls. CONCLUSION: We here show that S aureus products have various effects on mucosal tissues: surface protein A induces mast cell degranulation, whereas enterotoxins induce the release of cytokines, with a T(H)2-skewed pattern in nasal polyps, supporting the stimulatory role of superantigens in the development of this inflammatory disease.
BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence points toward a modifying role of Staphylococcus aureus and its products in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine and mediator production after stimulation with S aureus-derived proteins enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid in nasal polyp and control inferior turbinate tissue. METHODS: Tissue fragments were stimulated with RPMI (negative control), enterotoxin B, protein A, and lipoteichoic acid for 30 minutes and 24 hours. Supernatants were measured by multiplex for proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) and T-cell and subset-related cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13). Histamine, TGF-beta1, cysteinyl leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D(2) were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS: Thirty minutes of protein A stimulation resulted in a significant increase of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D(2). Enterotoxin B stimulation over a period of 24 hours induced a significant increase of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in both groups, with this increase significantly higher in nasal polyps compared with controls. CONCLUSION: We here show that S aureus products have various effects on mucosal tissues: surface protein A induces mast cell degranulation, whereas enterotoxins induce the release of cytokines, with a T(H)2-skewed pattern in nasal polyps, supporting the stimulatory role of superantigens in the development of this inflammatory disease.
Authors: B A Stuck; C Bachert; P Federspil; W Hosemann; L Klimek; R Mösges; O Pfaar; C Rudack; H Sitter; M Wagenmann; R Weber; K Hörmann Journal: HNO Date: 2012-02 Impact factor: 1.284
Authors: Cezmi A Akdis; Claus Bachert; Cemal Cingi; Mark S Dykewicz; Peter W Hellings; Robert M Naclerio; Robert P Schleimer; Dennis Ledford Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Date: 2013-04-12 Impact factor: 10.793
Authors: Frédéric Heymans; Adrien Fischer; Nicholas W Stow; Myriam Girard; Zacharias Vourexakis; Antoine Des Courtis; Gesuele Renzi; Elzbieta Huggler; Stefan Vlaminck; Pierre Bonfils; Ranko Mladina; Valerie Lund; Jacques Schrenzel; Patrice François; Jean Silvain Lacroix Journal: PLoS One Date: 2010-03-05 Impact factor: 3.240