BACKGROUND: Premature born children may show insulin resistance in childhood which may be due to intrauterine or postnatal adverse environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to evaluate insulin resistance and body composition in preterm born children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or small for gestational age (SGA) and relations with IGF-I, IGFBP-3 axis. METHODS: Ninety-three preterm born children grouped as premature SGA (n = 30) and premature AGA (n = 63) were evaluated at age 4.6 +/- 0.2 years and 4.7 +/- 0.1 years with respect to their glucose, insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-1, leptin levels and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Their data were compared to that of body mass index (BMI) matched term SGA (n = 42) and term AGA (n = 44) children of age 4.5 +/- 0.2 and 3.8 +/- 0.1 years. All children had height appropriate for their target height. Insulin resistance was evaluated by basal insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Basal insulin level was similar in preterm AGA (4.3 +/- 1.4 pmol/l) and term AGA (7.9 +/- 6.4 pmol/l) children at similar and normal BMI levels. Preterm SGA children had insulin levels (5.0 +/- 3.6 pmol/l) similar to preterm AGA children but significantly lower than that in term SGA children (23.7 +/- 20.8 pmol/l) (P = 0.001). Similar results were obtained for HOMA-IR. Term SGA children had also significantly lower IGFBP-1 levels. Body composition, leptin and IGFBP-3 did not differ between the respective groups. IGF-I was lower in preterm AGA (5.0 +/- 0.6 nmol/l) than in term AGA (8.3 +/- 1.2 nmol/l) (P < 0.001) children. CONCLUSIONS: Premature born AGA and SGA children do not have insulin resistance when compared to term children if they have made a catch-up growth appropriate for their target height and have normal BMI. The similar insulin levels in preterm SGA and preterm AGA children together with increased insulin levels in term SGA children points to the fact that it is the intrauterine restriction in the third trimester that has an adverse effect on future adverse metabolic outcome.
BACKGROUND: Premature born children may show insulin resistance in childhood which may be due to intrauterine or postnatal adverse environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to evaluate insulin resistance and body composition in preterm born children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or small for gestational age (SGA) and relations with IGF-I, IGFBP-3 axis. METHODS: Ninety-three preterm born children grouped as premature SGA (n = 30) and premature AGA (n = 63) were evaluated at age 4.6 +/- 0.2 years and 4.7 +/- 0.1 years with respect to their glucose, insulin, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-1, leptin levels and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Their data were compared to that of body mass index (BMI) matched term SGA (n = 42) and term AGA (n = 44) children of age 4.5 +/- 0.2 and 3.8 +/- 0.1 years. All children had height appropriate for their target height. Insulin resistance was evaluated by basal insulin and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: Basal insulin level was similar in preterm AGA (4.3 +/- 1.4 pmol/l) and term AGA (7.9 +/- 6.4 pmol/l) children at similar and normal BMI levels. Preterm SGA children had insulin levels (5.0 +/- 3.6 pmol/l) similar to preterm AGA children but significantly lower than that in term SGA children (23.7 +/- 20.8 pmol/l) (P = 0.001). Similar results were obtained for HOMA-IR. Term SGA children had also significantly lower IGFBP-1 levels. Body composition, leptin and IGFBP-3 did not differ between the respective groups. IGF-I was lower in preterm AGA (5.0 +/- 0.6 nmol/l) than in term AGA (8.3 +/- 1.2 nmol/l) (P < 0.001) children. CONCLUSIONS: Premature born AGA and SGA children do not have insulin resistance when compared to term children if they have made a catch-up growth appropriate for their target height and have normal BMI. The similar insulin levels in preterm SGA and preterm AGA children together with increased insulin levels in term SGA children points to the fact that it is the intrauterine restriction in the third trimester that has an adverse effect on future adverse metabolic outcome.
Authors: Eugene D Albrecht; Graham W Aberdeen; Jeffery S Babischkin; Steven J Prior; Terrie J Lynch; Irene A Baranyk; Gerald J Pepe Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2022-05-01 Impact factor: 5.051
Authors: Chonnikant Visuthranukul; Steven A Abrams; Keli M Hawthorne; Joseph L Hagan; Amy B Hair Journal: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed Date: 2018-11-13 Impact factor: 5.747
Authors: Anna Posod; Irena Odri Komazec; Katrin Kager; Ulrike Pupp Peglow; Elke Griesmaier; Elisabeth Schermer; Philipp Würtinger; Daniela Baumgartner; Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-12-13 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Rebecca Pradeilles; Tom Norris; Elaine Ferguson; Haris Gazdar; Sidra Mazhar; Hussain Bux Mallah; Azmat Budhani; Rashid Mehmood; Saba Aslam; Alan D Dangour; Elizabeth Allen Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2018-11-13 Impact factor: 3.092
Authors: Walter Mihatsch; Izaskun Dorronsoro Martín; Vicente Barrios-Sabador; María L Couce; Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno; Jesús Argente; José Quero; Miguel Saenz de Pipaon Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-03-20 Impact factor: 5.717