Improving the prognosis of patients after radical cystectomy. Part II: the role of perioperative chemotherapy.

In this review we analyse the current status of perioperative systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder; instead of summarizing each neoadjuvant or adjuvant clinical trial we focus on the advantages and disadvantages of both strategies on the basis of theoretical considerations, and outline a rationale for a better design of future studies to confirm the efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy in TCC.