AIMS: The role of antibiotics produced by bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes is to suppress growth of microbes in the soil environment. These antibiotics are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and were tested against mastitis isolates from dairy cows. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two bioassays were adapted for Xenorhabdus antibiotics; an overlay method on agar plates, and serially diluted, cell-free, Xenorhabdus cultures. The antimicrobial activities of the liquid cultures of 13 strains from five Xenorhabdus species were further evaluated. Antimicrobial activities of the type strains of X. nematophila, X. budapestensis and X. szentirmaii were tested on mastitis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with both bioassays. A previously reported antibiotic from X. nematophila, nematophin, was synthesized in three steps from tryptamine and 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid sodium salt. CONCLUSIONS: The antibiotics of all three Xenorhabdus strains were powerful in either bioassay, but the sensitivity of the isolates differed from each other. While Kl. pneumoniae was the least susceptible, Staph. aureus had the highest sensitivity to each Xenorhabdus strain. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii and X. budapestensis were more potent antibiotic producers than X. nematophila, and raceme nematophin was ineffective against all mastitis isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results indicate that Xenorhabdus antibiotics are effective against mastitis isolates and should be further evaluated for their potential in mastitis control or prevention.
AIMS: The role of antibiotics produced by bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes is to suppress growth of microbes in the soil environment. These antibiotics are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and were tested against mastitis isolates from dairy cows. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two bioassays were adapted for Xenorhabdus antibiotics; an overlay method on agar plates, and serially diluted, cell-free, Xenorhabdus cultures. The antimicrobial activities of the liquid cultures of 13 strains from five Xenorhabdus species were further evaluated. Antimicrobial activities of the type strains of X. nematophila, X. budapestensis and X. szentirmaii were tested on mastitis isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with both bioassays. A previously reported antibiotic from X. nematophila, nematophin, was synthesized in three steps from tryptamine and 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid sodium salt. CONCLUSIONS: The antibiotics of all three Xenorhabdus strains were powerful in either bioassay, but the sensitivity of the isolates differed from each other. While Kl. pneumoniae was the least susceptible, Staph. aureus had the highest sensitivity to each Xenorhabdus strain. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii and X. budapestensis were more potent antibiotic producers than X. nematophila, and raceme nematophin was ineffective against all mastitis isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results indicate that Xenorhabdus antibiotics are effective against mastitis isolates and should be further evaluated for their potential in mastitis control or prevention.
Authors: John M Chaston; Garret Suen; Sarah L Tucker; Aaron W Andersen; Archna Bhasin; Edna Bode; Helge B Bode; Alexander O Brachmann; Charles E Cowles; Kimberly N Cowles; Creg Darby; Limaris de Léon; Kevin Drace; Zijin Du; Alain Givaudan; Erin E Herbert Tran; Kelsea A Jewell; Jennifer J Knack; Karina C Krasomil-Osterfeld; Ryan Kukor; Anne Lanois; Phil Latreille; Nancy K Leimgruber; Carolyn M Lipke; Renyi Liu; Xiaojun Lu; Eric C Martens; Pradeep R Marri; Claudine Médigue; Megan L Menard; Nancy M Miller; Nydia Morales-Soto; Stacie Norton; Jean-Claude Ogier; Samantha S Orchard; Dongjin Park; Youngjin Park; Barbara A Qurollo; Darby Renneckar Sugar; Gregory R Richards; Zoé Rouy; Brad Slominski; Kathryn Slominski; Holly Snyder; Brian C Tjaden; Ransome van der Hoeven; Roy D Welch; Cathy Wheeler; Bosong Xiang; Brad Barbazuk; Sophie Gaudriault; Brad Goodner; Steven C Slater; Steven Forst; Barry S Goldman; Heidi Goodrich-Blair Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-11-18 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: András Fodor; Birhan Addisie Abate; Péter Deák; László Fodor; Ervin Gyenge; Michael G Klein; Zsuzsanna Koncz; Josephat Muvevi; László Ötvös; Gyöngyi Székely; Dávid Vozik; László Makrai Journal: Pathogens Date: 2020-06-29