Martin P Grobusch1, Andrea Egan, Roly D Gosling, Robert D Newman. 1. Infectious Diseases Unit, Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. martin.grobusch@wits.ac.za
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes recent evidence regarding the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment with focus on infancy (IPTi) and the rationale behind such a control strategy. RECENT FINDINGS: Pooled safety and efficacy analyses of all six trials of IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine conducted between 1999 and 2007 have demonstrated a 30% protective efficacy against clinical malaria, a 24% protective efficacy against all-cause hospital admissions, a 37% protective efficacy against malaria-related hospital admissions, and a 15% protective efficacy against anemia, all in the first year of life. Rebound in malaria following discontinuation of the intervention has not been noted in pooled analyses of the IPTi trials. SUMMARY: Given the efficacy, excellent safety and tolerability of the intervention and the fact that it is inexpensive and easily deliverable if linked to the Expanded Programme on Immunization, IPTi-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine appears to add a valuable tool to the malaria-control armamentarium in endemic areas of Africa. Routine monitoring of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy will be required to guide future IPTi programme implementation. Variations of IPTi that target older children may be required for areas of Africa with highly seasonal malaria transmission.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes recent evidence regarding the efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment with focus on infancy (IPTi) and the rationale behind such a control strategy. RECENT FINDINGS: Pooled safety and efficacy analyses of all six trials of IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine conducted between 1999 and 2007 have demonstrated a 30% protective efficacy against clinical malaria, a 24% protective efficacy against all-cause hospital admissions, a 37% protective efficacy against malaria-related hospital admissions, and a 15% protective efficacy against anemia, all in the first year of life. Rebound in malaria following discontinuation of the intervention has not been noted in pooled analyses of the IPTi trials. SUMMARY: Given the efficacy, excellent safety and tolerability of the intervention and the fact that it is inexpensive and easily deliverable if linked to the Expanded Programme on Immunization, IPTi-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine appears to add a valuable tool to the malaria-control armamentarium in endemic areas of Africa. Routine monitoring of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy will be required to guide future IPTi programme implementation. Variations of IPTi that target older children may be required for areas of Africa with highly seasonal malaria transmission.
Authors: Sam Salman; Susan Griffin; Kay Kose; Nolene Pitus; Josephine Winmai; Brioni Moore; Peter Siba; Kenneth F Ilett; Ivo Mueller; Timothy M E Davis Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2011-01-31 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Lesong Conteh; Elisa Sicuri; Fatuma Manzi; Guy Hutton; Benson Obonyo; Fabrizio Tediosi; Prosper Biao; Paul Masika; Fred Matovu; Peter Otieno; Roly D Gosling; Mary Hamel; Frank O Odhiambo; Martin P Grobusch; Peter G Kremsner; Daniel Chandramohan; John J Aponte; Andrea Egan; David Schellenberg; Eusebio Macete; Laurence Slutsker; Robert D Newman; Pedro Alonso; Clara Menéndez; Marcel Tanner Journal: PLoS One Date: 2010-06-15 Impact factor: 3.240