Chemical aversion treatment of alcohol dependence.

Developments in the application of chemical aversion therapy to the treatment of alcohol dependence are discussed. Historical factors leading to the early use of chemical aversion therapies are delineated and the theoretical underpinnings of chemical aversion interventions are evaluated. Ethical and procedural considerations are addressed and an assessment of the efficacy of the therapy is attempted. Future research activities that would lead to refinement of chemical aversion therapy protocols are highlighted. The effectiveness of chemical aversion treatment of alcohol dependence is discussed vis-a-vis production of condition alcohol-aversion and treatment outcome.