[Induction of phase II enzymes as a strategy in the chemoprevention of cancer and other degenerative diseases].

The long interval which occurs between the initiation and the development of clinically defined cancer is a characteristic feature of carcinogenesis and other degenerative diseases in experimental models and in humans. This makes early intervention possible. In the last half century, the role of xenobiotic metabolism in the induction carcinogenesis has been thoroughly described. Recent research using new tools provide data helpful in understanding the mechanism of induction and convincing proof that selective induction of phase II enzymes is an effective way of protecting cells against reactive carcinogenic metabolites and reactive oxygen species. These results create a foundation for applying this approach as a chemopreventive and chemoprotective strategy. S-transferase glutathione and reductase NAD(P)H-quinone are enzymes of concern. In this paper the characteristics and function of these two enzymatic systems are presented as well as the mechanism of induction of compounds, which induce phase II enzymes and act as potential chemopreventive agents.