Miniaturizing the laparoscope: current applications of micro- and minilaparoscopy.

Technological advancements have enabled miniaturization of the endoscope without significant compromise to either diagnostic or operative abilities. With a complement of instruments <5 mm in diameter, newer minimally invasive techniques have been developed to decrease the pain and trauma associated with surgical procedures. These advancements involve additional options for peritoneal access as well as facilitating diagnostic evaluation of the pelvis. Although the robustness and durability of the smaller instruments is an area of concern, a thorough understanding of the clinical advantages and disadvantages has the potential to improve patient outcomes.