[Improvement in the management of acute diarrhoea in France?].

The management of acute diarrhoea in France improved during the last ten years, with a large increase of oral rehydration solution (ORS) prescription in infants. Severity assessment is too often based on an uncertain evaluation of weight loss instead of a clinical determination. Telephone triage is not accurate without use of protocols and decision-making guidelines. Laboratory tests are rare in ambulatory management but still too frequent in hospital management of children with oral rehydration. ORS prescription of general practitioners regularly increased: 16% in 1988, 29% in 1996, 39% in 2001; and 71% in 2005 (after their reimbursement). The quality of oral rehydration advice remains insufficient. Intravenous rehydration on admission remains still too frequent. Drugs prescriptions include 2 or 3 drugs, with a decrease of loperamide and antibiotics, and an increase of racecadotril (81%). Lactose-free milk prescriptions in infants dropped from 46% in 1996 to 16% in 2005. Isolation and disinfection procedures are insufficient. Rotavirus nosocomial infections incidence is high: 1,6 to 6,3/1000 children less than 5 years of age, contributing to high direct costs.