Work stress and new-onset migraine in a female employee population.

This prospective cohort study examined whether work stress, as indicated by the job strain model and the effort-reward imbalance model, predicts new-onset migraine among 19,469 female employees with no history of migraine at study entry. A baseline survey between 2000 and 2002 assessed work stress and demographic factors. Self-reported newly diagnosed migraine was measured at follow-up between 2004 and 2005 and 1281 new cases of migraine were detected. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, socioeconomic position and depression at baseline, no association between job strain and migraine was found. In contrast, high effort-reward imbalance was associated with slightly increased risk of migraine at follow-up, odds ratio 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.04, 1.45). The proportion of new migraine cases attributable to high effort-reward imbalance was 6.2%. If the observed association is causal, our findings suggest that high effort-reward imbalance might function as a modifiable risk factor for new-onset migraine.