OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of past and recent infections by West Nile virus (WNV) and the risk factors associated with WNV exposure in a representative population from southern Spain. METHODS: Sample size was established for an estimated prevalence of past WNV infections of 5 +/- 2.5% in 504 subjects. A pre-stratification was performed according to age distribution and place of residence. After random telephone solicitation and acquisition of informed consent, a serum sample was collected and an epidemiologic survey performed on all participating subjects. Samples were tested with ELISA-IgG and MAC-ELISA to detect specific IgG and IgM antibodies; results were confirmed by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Multivariate analysis using a forward stepwise logistic regression model was performed to assess potential risk factors associated with WNV exposure. RESULTS: Prevalence of past WNV infections confirmed by PRNT in the 504 participants was 0.6%, affecting mainly older persons (mean age 65 +/- 23 vs. 34 +/- 22 years; P = 0.018), those living in rural areas (5.4% vs. 0% in urban areas; P = 0.01), and individuals with risk professions (prevalence 2.8% vs. 0%; P = 0.048). None of the five recent infections detected by MAC-ELISA was confirmed by PRNT. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest past circulation and exposure of the human population to WNV in southern Spain.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of past and recent infections by West Nile virus (WNV) and the risk factors associated with WNV exposure in a representative population from southern Spain. METHODS: Sample size was established for an estimated prevalence of past WNV infections of 5 +/- 2.5% in 504 subjects. A pre-stratification was performed according to age distribution and place of residence. After random telephone solicitation and acquisition of informed consent, a serum sample was collected and an epidemiologic survey performed on all participating subjects. Samples were tested with ELISA-IgG and MAC-ELISA to detect specific IgG and IgM antibodies; results were confirmed by the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Multivariate analysis using a forward stepwise logistic regression model was performed to assess potential risk factors associated with WNV exposure. RESULTS: Prevalence of past WNV infections confirmed by PRNT in the 504 participants was 0.6%, affecting mainly older persons (mean age 65 +/- 23 vs. 34 +/- 22 years; P = 0.018), those living in rural areas (5.4% vs. 0% in urban areas; P = 0.01), and individuals with risk professions (prevalence 2.8% vs. 0%; P = 0.048). None of the five recent infections detected by MAC-ELISA was confirmed by PRNT. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest past circulation and exposure of the human population to WNV in southern Spain.
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Authors: Luisa Barzon; Monia Pacenti; Elisa Franchin; Laura Squarzon; Enrico Lavezzo; Margherita Cattai; Riccardo Cusinato; Giorgio Palù Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2013-09-30 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Nuria López-Ruiz; María Del Carmen Montaño-Remacha; Enric Durán-Pla; Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz; Jose María Navarro-Marí; Celia Salamanca-Rivera; Blanca Miranda; Salvador Oyonarte-Gómez; Josefa Ruiz-Fernández Journal: Euro Surveill Date: 2018-04