Trafficking through the early secretory pathway of mammalian cells.

The use of green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeras to illuminate the secretory pathway in living cells has provided a wealth of information on the mechanisms of protein retention, sorting, and recycling. A wide variety of microscopic techniques, including time-lapse imaging, double-labeling, quantitation, photobleaching, and energy transfer approaches, have been utilized to explore the organization of the early secretory pathway. In this chapter we focus on the application of GFP technology to gain insight into the dynamics of ERGIC-53, a putative cargo receptor localized to the early secretory pathway, and the way in which photobleaching approaches have provided insight into its transport.