Presmectic wetting and supercritical-like phase behavior of octylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal confined to controlled-pore glass matrices.

The influence of controlled-pore glass (CPG) confinement on the phase behavior of octylcyanobiphenyl liquid crystal (LC) is studied by means of x-ray scattering and high precision calorimetry. For CPG samples with pore diameter 2R>24 nm, the smectic order parameter temperature dependence eta(T) reveals apparent presmectic ordering far above the bulk smectic A-nematic (SmA-N) phase transition for both nontreated and silane-treated CPG matrices. The behavior of eta(T) is qualitatively similar in all samples, well obeying the mean field approach (MFA) in which the surface wetting tendency plays the dominant role. In contrast, the critical fluctuations remain important in the specific heat data, which cannot be described within the MFA. We show experimentally that randomness and surface wetting become dominant over finite-size effects for 2R approximately<10 nm, in agreement with theoretical analysis. In nontreated samples, the noncritical character of the static disorder and the interfacial LC-CPG coupling almost completely suppress the quasi-SmA-N and nematic-isotropic phase transitions at 2R approximately 15.1 and approximately 7.5 nm, respectively.