HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: pathogenesis and therapy.

While classical Kaposi sarcoma is a slowly progressing tumor, AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma is much more aggressive. After introduction of antiretroviral therapy and with the use of well- tolerated chemotherapeutic agents, complete remission of the tumor can be achieved. Local therapeutic options include excision, cryosurgery, radiation and alitretinoin gel. In 45 % of patients with more than 400/microl CD4+ lymphocytes, interferon-alpha induces complete remission. New concepts of pathogenesis lead to therapeutic targets, such as inhibition of angiogenesis.