Elastic continuum analysis of the liquid crystal polarization grating.

We apply elastic continuum theory to model critical parameters influencing the free-energy equilibrium configuration and the dynamic performance of a continuous and in-plane liquid crystal profile acting as a polarization grating. We present analytical expressions for the threshold voltage, critical thickness, and the dynamic switching times under strong anchoring conditions, negligible flow, and arbitrary splay, twist, and bend constants. We also study the influence of weak anchoring, and derive expressions describing a dramatic reduction of the critical thickness and voltage threshold, even for modest grating periods and surface anchoring strengths. Good correlation exists with previously reported experimental data, except in the dynamic response; we therefore show that flow effects (backflow and kickback) likely play an essential role in the fall times, presumably due to the prominent splay-bend deformation of the zero-field configuration. We consider the impact of surface pretilt, and validate our entire analysis with numerical simulations. The approximation technique we employ is likely broadly useful for many problems which include nano- or micropatterned surfaces.