B Arts1, N Jabben, L Krabbendam, J van Os. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, PO Box 616 (KAP2), 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. b.arts@np.unimaas.nl
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous work suggests that impairments in executive function and verbal memory in particular may persist in euthymic bipolar patients and serve as an indicator of genetic risk (endophenotype). METHOD: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Effects sizes were extracted from selected papers and pooled using meta-analytical techniques. RESULTS: In bipolar patients, large effect sizes (d>0.8) were noted for executive functions (working memory, executive control, fluency) and verbal memory. Medium effect sizes (0.5<d<0.8) were reported for aspects of executive function (concept shifting, executive control), mental speed, visual memory, and sustained attention. Small effect sizes (d<0.5) were found for visuoperception. In first-degree relatives, effect sizes were small (d<0.5), but significantly different from healthy controls for executive function and verbal memory in particular. CONCLUSIONS: Executive function and verbal memory are candidate bipolar endophenotypes given large deficits in these domains in bipolar patients and small, but intermediate, cognitive impairments in first-degree relatives.
BACKGROUND: Previous work suggests that impairments in executive function and verbal memory in particular may persist in euthymic bipolarpatients and serve as an indicator of genetic risk (endophenotype). METHOD: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. Effects sizes were extracted from selected papers and pooled using meta-analytical techniques. RESULTS: In bipolarpatients, large effect sizes (d>0.8) were noted for executive functions (working memory, executive control, fluency) and verbal memory. Medium effect sizes (0.5<d<0.8) were reported for aspects of executive function (concept shifting, executive control), mental speed, visual memory, and sustained attention. Small effect sizes (d<0.5) were found for visuoperception. In first-degree relatives, effect sizes were small (d<0.5), but significantly different from healthy controls for executive function and verbal memory in particular. CONCLUSIONS: Executive function and verbal memory are candidate bipolar endophenotypes given large deficits in these domains in bipolarpatients and small, but intermediate, cognitive impairments in first-degree relatives.
Authors: Pilyoung Kim; Sarah E Jenkins; Megan E Connolly; Christen M Deveney; Stephen J Fromm; Melissa A Brotman; Eric E Nelson; Daniel S Pine; Ellen Leibenluft Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2011-10-22 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: Joseph Biederman; Carter R Petty; Janet Wozniak; Timothy E Wilens; Ronna Fried; Alysa Doyle; Aude Henin; Clancey Bateman; Maggie Evans; Stephen V Faraone Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2011-03-30 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Suzanne N Avery; Lisa E Williams; Austin A Woolard; Stephan Heckers Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2013-09-11 Impact factor: 5.270