BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies indicate that diets that provide a higher dietary glycemic index (dGI) are associated with a greater risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). No prospective studies have addressed this issue. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to prospectively evaluate the effect of baseline dGI on the progression of AMD. DESIGN: dGI was calculated as the weighted average of GIs from foods and was evaluated as being above or below the sex median (women: 77.9; men: 79.3) for 3977 participants aged 55-80 y (58% women) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. The 7232 eligible eyes without advanced AMD were classified into 1 of 3 AMD categories: group 1 (nonextensive small drusen), group 2 (intermediate drusen, extensive small drusen, or pigmentary abnormalities), or group 3 (large drusen or extensive intermediate drusen). With the use of multifailure Cox proportional-hazards regression, we modeled the time to the maximal progression to evaluate the relation between dGI and the risk of AMD. RESULTS: Overall, the multivariate-adjusted risk of progression over 8 y of follow-up (x: 5.4 y) was significantly higher (risk ratio: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P = 0.047) in the high-dGI group than in the low-dGI group. The risk of progression for groups 1, 2, and 3 eyes was 5%, 8%, and 17% greater, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). The latter gives an estimate that 7.8% of new advanced AMD cases would be prevented in 5 y if people consumed the low-dGI diet. CONCLUSION: Persons at risk of AMD progression, especially those at high risk of advanced AMD, may benefit from consuming a smaller amount of refined carbohydrates.
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies indicate that diets that provide a higher dietary glycemic index (dGI) are associated with a greater risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). No prospective studies have addressed this issue. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to prospectively evaluate the effect of baseline dGI on the progression of AMD. DESIGN: dGI was calculated as the weighted average of GIs from foods and was evaluated as being above or below the sex median (women: 77.9; men: 79.3) for 3977 participants aged 55-80 y (58% women) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. The 7232 eligible eyes without advanced AMD were classified into 1 of 3 AMD categories: group 1 (nonextensive small drusen), group 2 (intermediate drusen, extensive small drusen, or pigmentary abnormalities), or group 3 (large drusen or extensive intermediate drusen). With the use of multifailure Cox proportional-hazards regression, we modeled the time to the maximal progression to evaluate the relation between dGI and the risk of AMD. RESULTS: Overall, the multivariate-adjusted risk of progression over 8 y of follow-up (x: 5.4 y) was significantly higher (risk ratio: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.20; P = 0.047) in the high-dGI group than in the low-dGI group. The risk of progression for groups 1, 2, and 3 eyes was 5%, 8%, and 17% greater, respectively (P for trend < 0.001). The latter gives an estimate that 7.8% of new advanced AMD cases would be prevented in 5 y if people consumed the low-dGI diet. CONCLUSION:Persons at risk of AMD progression, especially those at high risk of advanced AMD, may benefit from consuming a smaller amount of refined carbohydrates.
Authors: Tomoaki Uchiki; Karen A Weikel; Wangwang Jiao; Fu Shang; Andrea Caceres; Dorota Pawlak; James T Handa; Michael Brownlee; Ram Nagaraj; Allen Taylor Journal: Aging Cell Date: 2011-11-15 Impact factor: 9.304
Authors: Chung-Jung Chiu; Paul Mitchell; Ronald Klein; Barbara E Klein; Min-Lee Chang; Gary Gensler; Allen Taylor Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2014-03-18 Impact factor: 12.079
Authors: Chung-Jung Chiu; Yvette P Conley; Michael B Gorin; Gary Gensler; Chao-Qiang Lai; Fu Shang; Allen Taylor Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2011-11-25 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Karen A Weikel; Paul Fitzgerald; Fu Shang; M Andrea Caceres; Qingning Bian; James T Handa; Alan W Stitt; Allen Taylor Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2012-02-02 Impact factor: 4.799