Staphylococcus biofilm components as targets for vaccines and drugs.

Staphylococci have become the most common cause of nosocomial infections, especially in patients with predisposing factors such as indwelling or implanted foreign polymer bodies. The pathogenesis of foreign-body associated infections with S.aureus and S. epidermidis is mainly related to the ability of these bacteria to form thick, adherent multilayered biofilms. In a biofilm, staphylococci are protected against antibiotic treatment and attack from the immune system, thus making eradication of the infections problematic. This necessitates the discovery of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to treat these infections. In this review, we provide an overview of staphylococcal biofilm components and discuss new possible approaches to controlling these persistent biofilm-dwelling bacteria.