Interferon gamma, IL-12, IL-12R and STAT-1 immunodeficiency diseases: disorders of the interface of innate and adaptive immunity.

Susceptibility to mycobacterial infection has long been associated with defects in T cell immunity, such as those conferred by HIV infection or iatrogenic immune suppression. However, despite these well-recognized predispositions to clinical disease with tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria, the genetic disorders that are relatively specific for mycobacterial infection with nontuberculous bacteria and bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) involve the innate immune pathways, and all engage interferon gamma and IL-12 production, signaling, and availability.