Imatinib impairs the proliferation and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in a dose-dependent manner.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib has been reported to inhibit CD8+ T lymphocytes. Little is known about its effects on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) which might regulate the graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) reaction after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). This is of particular interest in patients with relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after allo-SCT, as the two therapeutical options DLI and imatinib might interact reversely. Here, we demonstrate that the proliferation of CD4+CD25+ T(reg) cells and their production of IL-10, TGF-beta1 and granzyme B as markers of activation were significantly down-regulated by imatinib in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression of surface CD69, both surface and intracellular GITR, FoxP3, CD152 (CTLA) of activated CD4+CD25+ T(reg) cells were inhibited by imatinib in a dose-dependent manner. In light of these findings, clinical administration of imatinib might not result in a reduction of the GVL effect on CML patients receiving imatinib after allo-SCT and/or DLI or other CD8+ T lymphocyte based immunotherapies as the function of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4+CD25(hi) Treg cells is hampered in a similar way by imatinib.