CONTEXT: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) complications are responsible for much of the disease morbidity. Evidence suggests that familial factors exert an influence on susceptibility to complications. OBJECTIVES: We investigated familial risk factors and gender differences for retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was a case-control design nested on a cohort of T1D families. We collected data (questionnaire, medical records) starting in 1988. Follow-up has been ongoing since 2004. PATIENTS: There were 8114 T1D patients among 6707 families. All patients had T1D onset age younger than 30 yr and required insulin treatment. Patients who remained without a complication after more than 15 yr of diabetes were considered to be without that complication for our analyses. RESULTS: A complication in a sibling increased the risk for that complication among probands: odds ratio 9.9 (P < 0.001) for retinopathy, 6.2 for nephropathy (P < 0.001), and 2.2 for neuropathy (P < 0.05). Compared with male probands, a female T1D proband had 1.7-fold higher retinopathy risk (P < 0.001) and 2-fold higher neuropathy risk (P < 0.001). T1D cases with onset between ages 5 and 14 yr had an increased complications risk compared with subjects diagnosed either at a very young age or after puberty. The presence of one complication significantly increased the risk for others. If a parent had type 2 diabetes, the risk for nephropathy increased (odds ratio 1.9, P < 0.01, but T1D in a parent did not increase the risk). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that familial factors influence T1D microvascular pathologies, suggesting a shared genetic basis for complications, perhaps independent of T1D susceptibility. We also found an unexpected increased female risk for complications.
CONTEXT: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) complications are responsible for much of the disease morbidity. Evidence suggests that familial factors exert an influence on susceptibility to complications. OBJECTIVES: We investigated familial risk factors and gender differences for retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study was a case-control design nested on a cohort of T1D families. We collected data (questionnaire, medical records) starting in 1988. Follow-up has been ongoing since 2004. PATIENTS: There were 8114 T1D patients among 6707 families. All patients had T1D onset age younger than 30 yr and required insulin treatment. Patients who remained without a complication after more than 15 yr of diabetes were considered to be without that complication for our analyses. RESULTS: A complication in a sibling increased the risk for that complication among probands: odds ratio 9.9 (P < 0.001) for retinopathy, 6.2 for nephropathy (P < 0.001), and 2.2 for neuropathy (P < 0.05). Compared with male probands, a female T1D proband had 1.7-fold higher retinopathy risk (P < 0.001) and 2-fold higher neuropathy risk (P < 0.001). T1D cases with onset between ages 5 and 14 yr had an increased complications risk compared with subjects diagnosed either at a very young age or after puberty. The presence of one complication significantly increased the risk for others. If a parent had type 2 diabetes, the risk for nephropathy increased (odds ratio 1.9, P < 0.01, but T1D in a parent did not increase the risk). CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that familial factors influence T1D microvascular pathologies, suggesting a shared genetic basis for complications, perhaps independent of T1D susceptibility. We also found an unexpected increased female risk for complications.
Authors: Valli Velayutham; Paul Z Benitez-Aguirre; Maria E Craig; Gerald Liew; Tien Y Wong; Alicia J Jenkins; Kim C Donaghue Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2017-07-15 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Kathryn P Burdon; Rhys D Fogarty; Weiyong Shen; Sotoodeh Abhary; Georgia Kaidonis; Binoy Appukuttan; Alex W Hewitt; Shiwani Sharma; Mark Daniell; Rohan W Essex; John H Chang; Sonja Klebe; Stewart R Lake; Bishwanath Pal; Alicia Jenkins; Gowthaman Govindarjan; Periasamy Sundaresan; Ecosse L Lamoureux; Kim Ramasamy; Maria Pefkianaki; Philip G Hykin; Nikolai Petrovsky; Matthew A Brown; Mark C Gillies; Jamie E Craig Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2015-07-19 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Liliya M Yamaleyeva; Shea Gilliam-Davis; Igor Almeida; K Bridget Brosnihan; Sarah H Lindsey; Mark C Chappell Journal: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Date: 2012-02-29
Authors: Lena M Thorn; Carol Forsblom; Johan Wadén; Jenny Söderlund; Milla Rosengård-Bärlund; Markku Saraheimo; Outi Heikkilä; Kustaa Hietala; Kim Pettersson-Fernholm; Jorma Ilonen; Per-Henrik Groop Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2008-10-03 Impact factor: 19.112