M E Kruk1, C Pereira, F Vaz, S Bergström, S Galea. 1. Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. mkruk@umich.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the training and deployment costs and surgical productivity of surgically trained assistant medical officers (técnicos de cirurgia) and specialist physicians (surgeons and obstetrician/gynaecologists) in Mozambique in order to inform health human resource planning in a developing country with low availability of obstetric care and severe physician shortages. Técnicos de cirurgia have been previously shown to have quality of care outcomes comparable to physicians. DESIGN: Economic evaluation of costs and productivity of surgically trained assistant medical officers and specialist physicians. SETTING: Hospitals and health science training institutions in Mozambique. POPULATION: Surgically trained assistants, medical officers, surgeons and obstetrician/gynaecologists in Mozambique. METHODS: The costs of training and deploying the two cadres of health workers were derived from a review of budgets, annual expenditure reports, enrolment registers, and accounting statements from training institutions and interviews with directors and administrators. Productivity estimates were based on a hospital survey of physicians and técnicos de cirurgia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per major obstetric surgical procedure over 30 years in 2006 US dollars. RESULTS: The 30-year cost per major obstetric surgery was $38.9 for técnicos de cirurgia and $144.1 for surgeons and obstetrician/gynaecologists. Doubling the salaries of técnicos de cirurgia resulted in a smaller but still substantial difference in cost per surgery between the groups ($60.3 versus $144.1 per procedure). One-way sensitivity analysis to test the impact of varying other inputs did not substantially change the magnitude of the cost advantage of técnicos de cirurgia. CONCLUSION: Training more mid-level health workers in surgery can be part of the response to the health worker shortage, which today threatens the achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals in developing countries.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the training and deployment costs and surgical productivity of surgically trained assistant medical officers (técnicos de cirurgia) and specialist physicians (surgeons and obstetrician/gynaecologists) in Mozambique in order to inform health human resource planning in a developing country with low availability of obstetric care and severe physician shortages. Técnicos de cirurgia have been previously shown to have quality of care outcomes comparable to physicians. DESIGN: Economic evaluation of costs and productivity of surgically trained assistant medical officers and specialist physicians. SETTING: Hospitals and health science training institutions in Mozambique. POPULATION: Surgically trained assistants, medical officers, surgeons and obstetrician/gynaecologists in Mozambique. METHODS: The costs of training and deploying the two cadres of health workers were derived from a review of budgets, annual expenditure reports, enrolment registers, and accounting statements from training institutions and interviews with directors and administrators. Productivity estimates were based on a hospital survey of physicians and técnicos de cirurgia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per major obstetric surgical procedure over 30 years in 2006 US dollars. RESULTS: The 30-year cost per major obstetric surgery was $38.9 for técnicos de cirurgia and $144.1 for surgeons and obstetrician/gynaecologists. Doubling the salaries of técnicos de cirurgia resulted in a smaller but still substantial difference in cost per surgery between the groups ($60.3 versus $144.1 per procedure). One-way sensitivity analysis to test the impact of varying other inputs did not substantially change the magnitude of the cost advantage of técnicos de cirurgia. CONCLUSION: Training more mid-level health workers in surgery can be part of the response to the health worker shortage, which today threatens the achievement of the health Millennium Development Goals in developing countries.
Authors: Charles N Mock; Peter Donkor; Atul Gawande; Dean T Jamison; Margaret E Kruk; Haile T Debas Journal: Lancet Date: 2015-02-05 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Jessica H Beard; Lawrence B Oresanya; Michael Ohene-Yeboah; Rochelle A Dicker; Hobart W Harris Journal: World J Surg Date: 2013-03 Impact factor: 3.352
Authors: Mary V Kinney; Kate J Kerber; Robert E Black; Barney Cohen; Francis Nkrumah; Hoosen Coovadia; Paul Michael Nampala; Joy E Lawn; Henrik Axelson; Anne-Marie Bergh; Mickey Chopra; Roseanne Diab; Ingrid Friberg; Oladoyin Odubanjo; Neff Walker; Eva Weissman Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2010-06-21 Impact factor: 11.069