The effect of antigen concentration, antibody valency and size, and tumor architecture on antibody binding in multicell spheroids.

Intact IgG1 and F(ab')2 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies penetrate human colon adenocarcinoma multicell spheroids much more slowly than Fab fragments and the molecular weight and the binding site valency appear to be the most important factor in determining the rate of penetration. The rate is also influenced considerably by the number of antigen binding sites per cell, with a high antigen concentration slowing penetration appreciably. The tumor cell architecture appears to have a minor effect on antibody penetration when compared to antibody size or antigen concentration.