Artificial feeding and successful reproduction in Ornithodoros moubata moubata (Murray, 1877) (Acarina: Argasidae).

The increasing demand for laboratory-reared argasid and ixodid ticks for research and control purposes makes it necessary to develop effective and standardized tick feeding methods without using live animals as hosts. The in vitro maintenance technique, described in this paper, has been used successfully for rearing Ornithodoros moubata moubata by feeding all nymphal and adult instars through Parafilm 'M' sealing film on heparinized bovine blood (fresh standard). The technique is based on a specially designed tick feeding apparatus with a capacity to feed 2000 first nymphal instars (N 1) or up to 200 adults at one time. For different 1-month-old instars feeding rates were between 80-100%. Using this feeding technique the subsequent egg production of female ticks was remarkably high, producing an average of 210.2 eggs per tick with a hatch rate of 96.72%. There was no overall difference in the reproductive capacity of 1-month-old female O. M. moubata fed on heparinized and haemolyzed bovine blood (kept deep-frozen), heparinized rat blood and defibrinated ovine blood when compared with those fed on heparinized bovine blood (fresh standard).