OBJECTIVES: Unipolar and bipolar depression differ neurobiologically and in clinical presentation. Existing depression rating instruments, used in bipolar depression, fail to capture the necessary phenomenological nuances, as they are based on and skewed towards the characteristics of unipolar depression. Both clinically and in research there is a growing need for a new observer-rated scale that is specifically designed to assess bipolar depression. METHODS: An instrument reflecting the characteristics of bipolar depression was drafted by the authors, and administered to 122 participants aged 18-65 (44 males and 78 females) with a diagnosis of DSM-IV bipolar disorder, who were currently experiencing symptoms of depression. The Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) was administered together with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). RESULTS: The BDRS has strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.917), and robust correlation coefficients with the MADRS (r = 0.906) and HAM-D (r = 0.744), and the mixed subscale correlated with the YMRS (r = 0.757). Exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution gave the best account of the data. These factors corresponded to depression (somatic), depression (psychological) and mixed symptom clusters. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the validity of the BDRS for the measurement of depression in bipolar disorder. These results suggest good internal validity, provisional evidence of inter-rater reliability and strong correlations with other depression rating scales.
OBJECTIVES: Unipolar and bipolar depression differ neurobiologically and in clinical presentation. Existing depression rating instruments, used in bipolar depression, fail to capture the necessary phenomenological nuances, as they are based on and skewed towards the characteristics of unipolar depression. Both clinically and in research there is a growing need for a new observer-rated scale that is specifically designed to assess bipolar depression. METHODS: An instrument reflecting the characteristics of bipolar depression was drafted by the authors, and administered to 122 participants aged 18-65 (44 males and 78 females) with a diagnosis of DSM-IV bipolar disorder, who were currently experiencing symptoms of depression. The Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) was administered together with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). RESULTS: The BDRS has strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.917), and robust correlation coefficients with the MADRS (r = 0.906) and HAM-D (r = 0.744), and the mixed subscale correlated with the YMRS (r = 0.757). Exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution gave the best account of the data. These factors corresponded to depression (somatic), depression (psychological) and mixed symptom clusters. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the validity of the BDRS for the measurement of depression in bipolar disorder. These results suggest good internal validity, provisional evidence of inter-rater reliability and strong correlations with other depression rating scales.
Authors: Deanna M Barch; Cameron S Carter; James M Gold; Sheri L Johnson; Ann M Kring; Angus W MacDonald; Diego A Pizzagalli; J Daniel Ragland; Steven M Silverstein; Milton E Strauss Journal: J Abnorm Psychol Date: 2017-04-13
Authors: G B Cassano; A Benvenuti; M Miniati; S Calugi; M Mula; L Maggi; P Rucci; A Fagiolini; F Perris; E Frank Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2008-10-22 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Joseph M Cerimele; Simon B Goldberg; Christopher J Miller; Stephen W Gabrielson; John C Fortney Journal: Psychiatr Serv Date: 2019-02-05 Impact factor: 3.084
Authors: James M Gold; Deanna M Barch; Leah M Feuerstahler; Cameron S Carter; Angus W MacDonald; J Daniel Ragland; Steven M Silverstein; Milton E Strauss; Steven J Luck Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2019-06-18 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Jason Smucny; Ana-Maria Iosif; Nicholas R Eaton; Tyler A Lesh; J Daniel Ragland; Deanna M Barch; James M Gold; Milton E Strauss; Angus W MacDonald; Steven M Silverstein; Cameron S Carter Journal: Schizophr Bull Date: 2020-01-04 Impact factor: 9.306
Authors: Michael Berk; Olivia M Dean; Sue M Cotton; Clarissa S Gama; Flavio Kapczinski; Brisa Fernandes; Kristy Kohlmann; Susan Jeavons; Karen Hewitt; Kirsteen Moss; Christine Allwang; Ian Schapkaitz; Heidi Cobb; Ashley I Bush; Seetal Dodd; Gin S Malhi Journal: BMC Med Date: 2012-08-14 Impact factor: 8.775