BACKGROUND: This study examined prospectively the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory factors in children shortly after a motor vehicle accident (MVA) in relation to later posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty six children, aged 7-18, were studied after an MVA and 1 and 6 months later; 40 subjects served as controls. Morning serum cortisol and interleukin (IL)-6 and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured within 24h after the event. Salivary cortisol was measured 5 times at defined time points during the same day. PTSD diagnoses 1 and 6 months later were based on K-SADS interview. RESULTS: Morning serum IL-6 concentrations, measured within the first 24h after the accident, were higher in children that developed PTSD 6 months later than those who did not and those of the control group. Longitudinal IL-6 measurements revealed normalization of IL-6 in the PTSD group, while no differences between the three groups were detected 1 and 6 months later. Evening salivary cortisol and morning serum IL-6 after the accident were positively inter-related (r=0.54, p<0.001) and in separate regression analyses both predicted PTSD development 6 months later. In contrast, morning serum IL-6 did nor correlate with morning serum or salivary cortisol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate posttraumatic alterations in neuroendocrine or inflammatory factors-increased evening salivary cortisol and/or increased morning serum IL-6 concentrations-are involved in subsequent PTSD development in children and adolescents.
BACKGROUND: This study examined prospectively the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sympathetic nervous system and inflammatory factors in children shortly after a motor vehicle accident (MVA) in relation to later posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty six children, aged 7-18, were studied after an MVA and 1 and 6 months later; 40 subjects served as controls. Morning serum cortisol and interleukin (IL)-6 and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured within 24h after the event. Salivary cortisol was measured 5 times at defined time points during the same day. PTSD diagnoses 1 and 6 months later were based on K-SADS interview. RESULTS: Morning serum IL-6 concentrations, measured within the first 24h after the accident, were higher in children that developed PTSD 6 months later than those who did not and those of the control group. Longitudinal IL-6 measurements revealed normalization of IL-6 in the PTSD group, while no differences between the three groups were detected 1 and 6 months later. Evening salivary cortisol and morning serum IL-6 after the accident were positively inter-related (r=0.54, p<0.001) and in separate regression analyses both predicted PTSD development 6 months later. In contrast, morning serum IL-6 did nor correlate with morning serum or salivary cortisol concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate posttraumatic alterations in neuroendocrine or inflammatory factors-increased evening salivary cortisol and/or increased morning serum IL-6 concentrations-are involved in subsequent PTSD development in children and adolescents.
Authors: Charles L Raison; David B Rye; Bobbi J Woolwine; Gerald J Vogt; Breanne M Bautista; James R Spivey; Andrew H Miller Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2010-05-26 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Christopher A Lowry; David G Smith; Philip H Siebler; Dominic Schmidt; Christopher E Stamper; James E Hassell; Paula S Yamashita; James H Fox; Stefan O Reber; Lisa A Brenner; Andrew J Hoisington; Teodor T Postolache; Kerry A Kinney; Dante Marciani; Mark Hernandez; Sian M J Hemmings; Stefanie Malan-Muller; Kenneth P Wright; Rob Knight; Charles L Raison; Graham A W Rook Journal: Curr Environ Health Rep Date: 2016-09
Authors: Sian M J Hemmings; Stefanie Malan-Müller; Leigh L van den Heuvel; Brittany A Demmitt; Maggie A Stanislawski; David G Smith; Adam D Bohr; Christopher E Stamper; Embriette R Hyde; James T Morton; Clarisse A Marotz; Philip H Siebler; Maarten Braspenning; Wim Van Criekinge; Andrew J Hoisington; Lisa A Brenner; Teodor T Postolache; Matthew B McQueen; Kenneth S Krauter; Rob Knight; Soraya Seedat; Christopher A Lowry Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2017-10 Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Matthew G Frank; Laura K Fonken; Samuel D Dolzani; Jessica L Annis; Philip H Siebler; Dominic Schmidt; Linda R Watkins; Steven F Maier; Christopher A Lowry Journal: Brain Behav Immun Date: 2018-05-26 Impact factor: 7.217
Authors: Philip H Siebler; Jared D Heinze; Drake M Kienzle; Matthew W Hale; Jodi L Lukkes; Nina C Donner; Jared M Kopelman; Orlando A Rodriguez; Christopher A Lowry Journal: Cell Mol Neurobiol Date: 2017-11-13 Impact factor: 5.046