Liposomes in haematology.

Liposomes were first described nearly a quarter of a century ago and have been useful models for studying the physical chemistry of lipid bilayers and the biology of the cell membrane. It was also realised that they might be used as vehicles for the delivery of drugs but clinical applications have been slow to emerge. Proposed clinical uses have included vaccine adjuvancy, gene transfer and diagnostic imaging but the major effort has been in the development of liposomes as targetable drug carriers in the treatment of malignancy. Although based on good in vitro data and animal studies, the strategies have been mostly impractical due to the predominant but unwanted uptake by the reticuloendothelial system and the limited extent of extravasation. The same features have nonetheless been turned to advantage in the case of amphotericin B which has recently become the first liposomally formulated agent to be licensed for parenteral use. Liposomal doxorubicin is currently also being evaluated in clinical trials. The early evidence suggests that while liposomal encapsulation may not greatly enhance their efficacy the toxicity of these agents is greatly attenuated.