Aboriginal Indian residence patterns preserved in censuses and allotments.

Early reservation annuity censuses and allotment ledgers, analyzed in concert, allow identification of sociologically significant subdivisions of Native American tribes. Using this method, Southern Cheyenne manhao or "bands" can be located on the allotment map of 1892 as discrete clusters of individuals known by name, age, and sex. Measurement of linear distances among individual allotments of family members enables us to quantify jural rules of postmarital residence and confirms in a test case that the descendents of the bands at the Sand Creek Massacre in fact resided matrilocally.