Diet and lifestyle interventions in active surveillance patients with favorable-risk prostate cancer.

Active Surveillance (AS) is a viable, alternative option for patients who are diagnosed with favorable prognostic risk prostate cancer, and who are willing to undergo conservative, expectant management until treatment is warranted due to progression of the disease. Lifestyle interventions in patients who choose AS is an emerging area of research, and several studies are ongoing with results pending. New intervention studies will increase our knowledge of the etiology of prostate cancer and help determine whether dietary factors can influence prostate carcinogenesis after diagnosis in AS patients. The considerable amount of epidemiologic and experimental data relating components of the diet with prostate cancer risk suggest that diet or lifestyle interventions could potentially lengthen the period of active surveillance before treatment management is necessary, and further research is warranted to study the direct effects on secondary clinical outcomes.