Discovering benzamide derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors and their binding site at the enzyme.

A series of novel benzamide derivatives was designed, synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against glycogen phosphorylase (GP) in the direction of glycogen synthesis by the release of phosphate from glucose-1-phosphate were evaluated. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) of these compounds are also presented. Within this series of compounds, 4m is the most potent GPa inhibitor (IC(50)=2.68 microM), which is nearly 100 times more potent than the initial compound 1. Analysis of mapping between pharmacophores of different binding sites and each compound demonstrated that these benzamide derivatives bind at the dimer interface of the rabbit muscle enzyme, and possible docking modes of compound 4m were explored by molecular docking simulation.