BACKGROUND: Several studies have documented fronto-striatal dysfunction in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using response inhibition tasks. Our objective was to examine functional brain abnormalities among youths and adults with ADHD and to examine the relations between these neurobiological abnormalities and response to stimulant medication. METHOD: A group of concordantly diagnosed ADHD parent-child dyads was compared to a matched sample of normal parent-child dyads. In addition, ADHD dyads were administered double-blind methylphenidate and placebo in a counterbalanced fashion over two consecutive days of testing. Frontostriatal function was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a go/no-go task. RESULTS:Youths and adults with ADHD showed attenuated activity in fronto-striatal regions. In addition, adults with ADHD appeared to activate non-fronto-striatal regions more than normals. A stimulant medication trial showed that among youths, stimulant medication increased activation in fronto-striatal and cerebellar regions. In adults with ADHD, increases in activation were observed in the striatum and cerebellum, but not in prefrontal regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends findings of fronto-striatal dysfunction to adults with ADHD and highlights the importance of frontostriatal and frontocerebellar circuitry in this disorder, providing evidence of an endophenotype for examining the genetics of ADHD.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Several studies have documented fronto-striatal dysfunction in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using response inhibition tasks. Our objective was to examine functional brain abnormalities among youths and adults with ADHD and to examine the relations between these neurobiological abnormalities and response to stimulant medication. METHOD: A group of concordantly diagnosed ADHD parent-child dyads was compared to a matched sample of normal parent-child dyads. In addition, ADHD dyads were administered double-blind methylphenidate and placebo in a counterbalanced fashion over two consecutive days of testing. Frontostriatal function was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of a go/no-go task. RESULTS: Youths and adults with ADHD showed attenuated activity in fronto-striatal regions. In addition, adults with ADHD appeared to activate non-fronto-striatal regions more than normals. A stimulant medication trial showed that among youths, stimulant medication increased activation in fronto-striatal and cerebellar regions. In adults with ADHD, increases in activation were observed in the striatum and cerebellum, but not in prefrontal regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends findings of fronto-striatal dysfunction to adults with ADHD and highlights the importance of frontostriatal and frontocerebellar circuitry in this disorder, providing evidence of an endophenotype for examining the genetics of ADHD.
Authors: Elseline Hoekzema; Susanna Carmona; Virginia Tremols; Joan Domingo Gispert; Marc Guitart; Jordi Fauquet; Mariana Rovira; Anna Bielsa; Juan Carlos Soliva; Xavier Tomas; Antonio Bulbena; Antoni Ramos-Quiroga; Miguel Casas; Adolf Tobeña; Oscar Vilarroya Journal: Hum Brain Mapp Date: 2010-03-24 Impact factor: 5.038
Authors: Thomas J Spencer; Ariel Brown; Larry J Seidman; Eve M Valera; Nikos Makris; Alexandra Lomedico; Stephen V Faraone; Joseph Biederman Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2013-09 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: C A Montojo; M Jalbrzikowski; E Congdon; S Domicoli; C Chow; C Dawson; K H Karlsgodt; R M Bilder; C E Bearden Journal: Cereb Cortex Date: 2013-10-31 Impact factor: 5.357
Authors: Yuko Munakata; Seth A Herd; Christopher H Chatham; Brendan E Depue; Marie T Banich; Randall C O'Reilly Journal: Trends Cogn Sci Date: 2011-08-31 Impact factor: 20.229
Authors: Eliza Congdon; Lori L Altshuler; Jeanette A Mumford; Katherine H Karlsgodt; Fred W Sabb; Joseph Ventura; James J McGough; Edythe D London; Tyrone D Cannon; Robert M Bilder; Russell A Poldrack Journal: Psychiatry Res Date: 2014-02-13 Impact factor: 3.222
Authors: Amy Garrett; Lauren Penniman; Jeffery N Epstein; B J Casey; Stephen P Hinshaw; Gary Glover; Simon Tonev; Alan Vitolo; Matt Davidson; Julie Spicer; Laurence L Greenhill; Allan L Reiss Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2008-11 Impact factor: 8.829