Theoretical study of spectroscopic properties of dimethoxy-p-phenylene-ethynylene oligomers: planarization of the conjugated backbone.

The optical spectra of the dimethoxy-p-phenylene-ethynylene oligomers (up to n = 10) are calculated by DFT and TD-DFT methods. It is found that the conformational rotations around the cylindrical triple-bonded carbon links impact significantly the optical spectrum. The effective conjugation length (ECL) of the oligomer is obtained by extrapolating the HOMO-LUMO gap to infinite chain length with an alternative exponential function. The spectral shift is mainly dependent on the high pi-conjugation segment of oligomers, resulting from the planarization of the backbone. Although the rotational barrier is very low, the calculated results further indicate that rotation about the cylindrical triple bond still interrupts the conjugation of rod-like oligomers to some extent, and leads to an angle-dependent HOMO-LUMO gap. The results are helpful to interpret the conformational-dependent spectroscopic phenomena of p-phenyleneethynylene oligomers and polymers (PPEs) observed in ensemble and single molecule spectroscopy.