OBJECTIVES: To find whether the control of betaine metabolism differs between male and female patients and identify the effects of insulin and other hormones. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from non-diabetic lipid clinic patients (82 female symbol and 76 male symbol) were re-analyzed by sex. Data on insulin, thyroid hormones and leptin were included in models to identify factors affecting the circulation and excretion of betaine and its metabolites. RESULTS: Different factors influenced plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of betaine, dimethylglycine and homocysteine in males and females. In males, apolipoprotein B (negative), thyroid stimulating hormone (positive) and insulin (negative) predicted circulating betaine, consistent with betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase mediated control. In females, insulin positively predicted plasma dimethylglycine. Urinary betaine excretion positively predicted circulating homocysteine in males (p<0.001), whereas dimethylglycine excretion (also indicating betaine loss) was a stronger positive predictor (p<0.001) in females. Carnitine affected betaine homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS: Betaine metabolism is under endocrine control, and studies should use sex stratified groups.
OBJECTIVES: To find whether the control of betaine metabolism differs between male and female patients and identify the effects of insulin and other hormones. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from non-diabeticlipid clinic patients (82 female symbol and 76 male symbol) were re-analyzed by sex. Data on insulin, thyroid hormones and leptin were included in models to identify factors affecting the circulation and excretion of betaine and its metabolites. RESULTS: Different factors influenced plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of betaine, dimethylglycine and homocysteine in males and females. In males, apolipoprotein B (negative), thyroid stimulating hormone (positive) and insulin (negative) predicted circulating betaine, consistent with betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase mediated control. In females, insulin positively predicted plasma dimethylglycine. Urinary betaine excretion positively predicted circulating homocysteine in males (p<0.001), whereas dimethylglycine excretion (also indicating betaine loss) was a stronger positive predictor (p<0.001) in females. Carnitine affected betaine homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS:Betaine metabolism is under endocrine control, and studies should use sex stratified groups.
Authors: Michael Lever; Peter M George; Wendy Atkinson; Sarah L Molyneux; Jane L Elmslie; Sandy Slow; A Mark Richards; Stephen T Chambers Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-07-01 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Michael Lever; Peter M George; Wendy Atkinson; Jane L Elmslie; Sandy Slow; Sarah L Molyneux; Richard W Troughton; A Mark Richards; Christopher M Frampton; Stephen T Chambers Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-03-02 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Michael Lever; Sandy Slow; David O McGregor; Warwick J Dellow; Peter M George; Stephen T Chambers Journal: Cardiovasc Diabetol Date: 2012-07-11 Impact factor: 9.951
Authors: Jason Michael Cholewa; Andrea Hudson; Taylor Cicholski; Amanda Cervenka; Karley Barreno; Kayla Broom; McKenzie Barch; Stuart A S Craig Journal: J Int Soc Sports Nutr Date: 2018-07-31 Impact factor: 5.150