Constructing PCA baseline algorithms to reevaluate ICA-based face-recognition performance.

The literature on independent component analysis (ICA)-based face recognition generally evaluates its performance using standard principal component analysis (PCA) within two architectures, ICA Architecture I and ICA Architecture II. In this correspondence, we analyze these two ICA architectures and find that ICA Architecture I involves a vertically centered PCA process (PCA I), while ICA Architecture II involves a whitened horizontally centered PCA process (PCA II). Thus, it makes sense to use these two PCA versions as baselines to reevaluate the performance of ICA-based face-recognition systems. Experiments on the FERET, AR, and AT&T face-image databases showed no significant differences between ICA Architecture I (II) and PCA I (II), although ICA Architecture I (or II) may, in some cases, significantly outperform standard PCA. It can be concluded that the performance of ICA strongly depends on the PCA process that it involves. Pure ICA projection has only a trivial effect on performance in face recognition.