Seven-year prospective study of nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence in U.K. renal transplant recipients.

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) causes significant morbidity and mortality posttransplantation. We examined the annual incidence of NMSC in U.K. renal transplant recipients (RTRs). A total of 269 (95% of potential population) RTRs of skin type I-IV were recruited into a prospective study of NMSC incidence between 1998 and 2006. A total of 244 (91% enrolled) RTRs were screened on at least one occasion. The mean incidence per year of NMSC was 7.82% (SD: 1.84), comprising a mean (SD) incidence per year of squamous cell carcinoma 3.45% (1.36), basal cell carcinoma 3.58% (1.17), and Bowen's disease 2.52% (0.91). The risk of developing NMSC increased with duration posttransplantation: the mean incidence per year of NMSC was 3.27% (0.53) in RTRs <5 years posttransplantation, 5.86% (3.1) in RTRs 5-10 years posttransplant, and 11.1% (1.85) in those >10 years posttransplant. Relatively low NMSC incidence rates within the first 5 years posttransplantation suggests that duration posttransplantation may determine the optimum frequency of surveillance of RTRs in the United Kingdom.