New technologies in peritoneal dialysis.

In recent years, there have been some interesting advances in the science and practice of peritoneal dialysis (PD). This review focuses on selected technological advances and the impact that these changes may have on this modality. New, so-called "biocompatible" fluids have more physiologic pH and reduced glucose degradation products. These new fluids may reduce the deleterious effects of chronic exposure to the peritoneal membrane. However, enthusiasm for these new fluids is outstripping rigorous evidence that they change patient outcome. Continuous-flow PD offers a way to increase dramatically small solute clearance. However, there are significant technological barriers to the implementation of this kind of dialysis. Furthermore, there is little evidence that augmented small solute clearance will improve survival in PD patients. Finally, new catheter insertion techniques provide perhaps the most practical advances in allowing successful commencement of this excellent home dialysis modality.