OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of pregnant women with newly acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that was identified by repeat testing. STUDY DESIGN: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) study, which was conducted in 6 US cities, encouraged repeat HIV testing during pregnancy to identify primary infections. RESULTS: Fifty-four HIV-infected women were identified. Four primary HIV infections were recognized, with median estimated seroconversion at 22 weeks of gestation. All 4 women denied new sex partners, alcohol, and illegal drug use during pregnancy. Three of the 4 mother-infant pairs received antiretroviral medications. One infant was infected perinatally, with positive HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction at birth. Questionnaire data identified 2 additional women with HIV that was likely acquired during pregnancy (identified by rapid testing at labor and delivery), which suggests that 6 of 54 HIV-infected women (11%) in the MIRIAD study had primary infection during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Repeat HIV testing in pregnancy can identify opportunities for antiretroviral prophylaxis and should be used in areas of high HIV prevalence.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe characteristics of pregnant women with newly acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that was identified by repeat testing. STUDY DESIGN: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-sponsored Mother-Infant Rapid Intervention at Delivery (MIRIAD) study, which was conducted in 6 US cities, encouraged repeat HIV testing during pregnancy to identify primary infections. RESULTS: Fifty-four HIV-infectedwomen were identified. Four primary HIV infections were recognized, with median estimated seroconversion at 22 weeks of gestation. All 4 women denied new sex partners, alcohol, and illegal drug use during pregnancy. Three of the 4 mother-infant pairs received antiretroviral medications. One infant was infected perinatally, with positive HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction at birth. Questionnaire data identified 2 additional women with HIV that was likely acquired during pregnancy (identified by rapid testing at labor and delivery), which suggests that 6 of 54 HIV-infectedwomen (11%) in the MIRIAD study had primary infection during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Repeat HIV testing in pregnancy can identify opportunities for antiretroviral prophylaxis and should be used in areas of high HIV prevalence.
Authors: Kathrine R Tan; Margaret A Lampe; Susan P Danner; Patricia Kissinger; Mayris P Webber; Mardge H Cohen; Mary Jo O'Sullivan; Steven Nesheim; Denise J Jamieson Journal: Matern Child Health J Date: 2011-01
Authors: Agnes Langat; Tegan L Callahan; Isabella Yonga; Boniface Ochanda; Anthony Waruru; Lucy W Ng'anga; Abraham Katana; Brian Onyango; Benson Singa; Stephen Oyule; George Githuka; Lennah Omoto; Jane Muli; Thorkild Tylleskar; Surbhi Modi Journal: Int J MCH AIDS Date: 2021-12-13