The risk associated with indwelling catheters in children with haemophilia.

Infections are the most frequent complications associated with the use of central venous lines (CVLs) in children with haemophilia. Several retrospective studies that include data from a substantial number of patients have reported approximately 0.2-0.3 infections per 1000 catheter-days (mainly Port-A-Cath). Some studies have shown a much higher frequency of infections, 1-2/1000 catheter-days. The most plausible explanations, for the difference seen in frequency of infections with Port-A-Caths, are probably related to the protocol used for the device care and the quality of education and the compliance of the users, whether these are parents or health-care professionals. The figures are low for clinically apparent thrombosis in the larger series on record, but routine venograms were not performed in most of these series. In studies, where this has been performed, a high frequency of abnormalities (>50%) on venograms have been seen in some series but not in others. Despite obvious potential risks with CVLs, they are useful in many cases and facilitate the treatment of a serious disorder. With careful guidelines and surveillance protocols, the risk of complications should be reduced in the future.