Renal transplantation in 22 children with nephropathic cystinosis.

In 1989, 22 children (11 boys, 11 girls aged 8-23 years) with nephropathic cystinosis, who had received a total of 28 renal allografts over the previous 14 years, were reviewed. Nineteen were alive, of whom 17 had functioning grafts 5 months to 13 years after transplantation. The mean serum creatinine level in these 17 was 135 mumol/l. Patient and graft survival did not differ from non-cystinotic children. Persistent hypothyroidism was found in 3 patients, transient diabetes mellitus in 1, severely disturbed vision in 1 and brain atrophy in 11. Arterial hypertension was present in 16 patients. Growth retardation was universal, although in 4 patients on cyclosporin A post-transplant catch-up growth occurred. Five patients over 15 years completed puberty. Readjustment in terms of school performance was good but was less good for psychosocial development. None of the patients had ever been treated with cystine-depleting agents; the data will therefore provide a historical control group with which to compare the results from a group treated with these agents.