PURPOSE: To assess the importance of the pituitary adrenal axis in producing stress-induced analgesia (SIA) after hemorrhagic shock, we performed formalin tests after hemorrhage and reinfusion in unilaterally adrenalectomized or sham-operated rats. METHODS: Fifty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: sham-operation normotensive (n = 8), sham-operation shock (n = 8), adrenalectomy normotensive (n = 7), adrenalectomy shock (n = 7), sham-operation shock + yohimbine (n = 7), sham-operation normotensive + corticosterone (n = 7), and adrenalectomy shock + corticosterone (n = 8). The left adrenal gland was cauterized 24 h before the experiment. The mean blood pressure in the shock groups was kept at 50-60 mmHg for 30 min by draining arterial blood. After the blood-reinfusion or observation period, 10% formalin was injected into the rear paw. Nociceptive behaviors and locomotion were observed and rated for 1 h, using the criteria of Dubuisson and Dennis. In 12 other sham-operated and adrenalectomized rats, plasma adrenalin, noradrenalin, and corticosterone concentrations were measured before and after hemorrhagic shock. RESULTS: Although the sham-operation shock group showed a lower pain score, the adrenalectomy shock group showed nociceptive behavior similar to that in the normotensive groups. Yohimbine did not affect the SIA; however, corticosterone administration reversed the effects of the adrenalectomy on the SIA. The plasma corticosterone levels in the unilaterally adrenalectomized rats were lower than those in the sham-operated rats and did not increase after hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that adrenocortical systems play an important role in hemorrhagic shock-induced SIA.
PURPOSE: To assess the importance of the pituitary adrenal axis in producing stress-induced analgesia (SIA) after hemorrhagic shock, we performed formalin tests after hemorrhage and reinfusion in unilaterally adrenalectomized or sham-operated rats. METHODS: Fifty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: sham-operation normotensive (n = 8), sham-operation shock (n = 8), adrenalectomy normotensive (n = 7), adrenalectomy shock (n = 7), sham-operation shock + yohimbine (n = 7), sham-operation normotensive + corticosterone (n = 7), and adrenalectomy shock + corticosterone (n = 8). The left adrenal gland was cauterized 24 h before the experiment. The mean blood pressure in the shock groups was kept at 50-60 mmHg for 30 min by draining arterial blood. After the blood-reinfusion or observation period, 10% formalin was injected into the rear paw. Nociceptive behaviors and locomotion were observed and rated for 1 h, using the criteria of Dubuisson and Dennis. In 12 other sham-operated and adrenalectomized rats, plasma adrenalin, noradrenalin, and corticosterone concentrations were measured before and after hemorrhagic shock. RESULTS: Although the sham-operation shock group showed a lower pain score, the adrenalectomy shock group showed nociceptive behavior similar to that in the normotensive groups. Yohimbine did not affect the SIA; however, corticosterone administration reversed the effects of the adrenalectomy on the SIA. The plasma corticosterone levels in the unilaterally adrenalectomized rats were lower than those in the sham-operated rats and did not increase after hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that adrenocortical systems play an important role in hemorrhagic shock-induced SIA.