The genus Lactarius in Madagascar.

This paper provides the first modern descriptions of Lactarius spp. from Madagascar since Heim's revision in 1938. Seven taxa are discussed in detail: In three cases (L. annulatoangustifolius, L. phlebophyllus, L. rubroviolascens), additional records were obtained for species described and last collected by Heim. For two species (L. aurantiifolius, L. pelliculatus) the first Malagasy records are reported of Lactarius spp. described from the African continent. Two new and possibly endemic species are described, L. madagascariensis and L. nodosicystidiosus spp. nov. ITS data are consistent with modern classification of the genus Lactarius at the subgeneric level and add support to the proposed conspecificity of Malagasy and continental African taxa in those cases where sequence data were available.