Molecular diffusion within sol-gel derived matrices viewed via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching.

A suitable matrix to host enzymes for biosensor applications should encage and retain the bioactive species, while allowing it to be accessed to exploit its catalytic properties. Sol-gel derived monoliths are promising in this aspect. Molecular diffusion was monitored using fluorescence labelled proteins and unbound fluorescence dye molecules (representative of enzyme substrates) and their interaction with and mobility within the host assessed using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching observed via confocal microscopy.