Characterization of a Legionella pneumophila gene encoding a lipoprotein antigen.

A prominent 19 kDa surface antigen of Legionella pneumophila, cloned in Escherichia coli, was found to be intimately associated with peptidoglycan. The DNA region encoding this antigen was mapped on an 11.9 kb plasmid by means of deletion analysis and transposon mutagenesis. PhoA+ gene fusions, gene-rated by TnphoA insertions into this region, confirmed the presence of a gene encoding a secreted protein. PhoA+ transposon insertions were also associated with loss of the 19 kDa antigen in immunoassays using a monoclonal antibody (mAb1E9) and the replacement of the 19 kDa antigen with larger fusion proteins in immunoblots using Legionella immune serum. A 1540bp PstI fragment carrying the gene was sequenced, and the open reading frame encoding the antigen was identified. The gene encodes a polypeptide 176 amino acid residues long and 18913Da in size. The presence of a signal sequence of 22 amino acids with a consensus sequence for cleavage by signal peptidase II indicates that the antigen is a lipoprotein, and striking similarity with peptidoglycan-associated lipoproteins (PALs) from E. coli (51% amino acid homology) and Haemophilus influenzae (55% homology) is noted. We conclude that the 19kDa antigen of L. pneumophila is the structural equivalent of the PAL found in other Gram-negative species and suggest that its post-translational acylation may explain its potency as an immunogen.