Dysferlin and muscle membrane repair.

The ability to repair membrane damage is conserved across eukaryotic cells and is necessary for the cells to survive a variety of physiological and pathological membrane disruptions. Membrane repair is mediated by rapid Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of various intracellular vesicles, such as lysosomes and enlargeosomes, which lead to the formation of a membrane patch that reseals the membrane lesion. Recent findings suggest a crucial role for dysferlin in this repair process in muscle, possibly as a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers vesicle fusion. The importance of membrane repair is highlighted by the genetic disease, dysferlinopathy, in which the primary defect is the loss of Ca(2+)-regulated membrane repair due to dysferlin deficiency. Future research on dysferlin and its interacting partners will enhance the understanding of this important process and provide novel avenues to potential therapies.