AIMS: A one-year survey was conducted to examine hepatitis A virus (HAV) prevalence, distribution of genotypes and their relationship to bacterial indicators in raw and treated sewage samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty sewage samples (raw = 25 and treated = 25) were collected twice monthly from one sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro. Virus concentration was performed by adsorption to an electronegative membrane followed by ultrafiltration. Viral RNA was detected by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR and positive products were directly sequenced. Total and faecal coliform concentrations were also determined. By nested RT-PCR, HAV RNA was detected in 16/50 (32%) and eight (16%) of them were found in treated sewage samples. By real-time PCR, HAV RNA was detected in 46/50 (92%) samples and 24 were from treated sewage. Phylogenetic analyses classified nine isolates (56%) as subgenotype IA and seven (44%) as IB. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time PCR was more sensitive than nested RT-PCR; the presence of subgenotypes IA and IB was described and bacterial indicators cannot be used to predict HAV presence in sewage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results demonstrated that HAV still remains in the environment after sewage treatment and could play an important role in maintaining the endemicity of HAV infection.
AIMS: A one-year survey was conducted to examine hepatitis A virus (HAV) prevalence, distribution of genotypes and their relationship to bacterial indicators in raw and treated sewage samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty sewage samples (raw = 25 and treated = 25) were collected twice monthly from one sewage treatment plant in Rio de Janeiro. Virus concentration was performed by adsorption to an electronegative membrane followed by ultrafiltration. Viral RNA was detected by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR and positive products were directly sequenced. Total and faecal coliform concentrations were also determined. By nested RT-PCR, HAV RNA was detected in 16/50 (32%) and eight (16%) of them were found in treated sewage samples. By real-time PCR, HAV RNA was detected in 46/50 (92%) samples and 24 were from treated sewage. Phylogenetic analyses classified nine isolates (56%) as subgenotype IA and seven (44%) as IB. CONCLUSIONS: Real-time PCR was more sensitive than nested RT-PCR; the presence of subgenotypes IA and IB was described and bacterial indicators cannot be used to predict HAV presence in sewage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results demonstrated that HAV still remains in the environment after sewage treatment and could play an important role in maintaining the endemicity of HAV infection.
Authors: A Béji-Hamza; H Khélifi-Gharbi; M Hassine-Zaafrane; S Della Libera; M Iaconelli; M Muscillo; S Petricca; A R Ciccaglione; R Bruni; S Taffon; M Equestre; M Aouni; G La Rosa Journal: Food Environ Virol Date: 2014-08-17 Impact factor: 2.778
Authors: Fernanda Gil de Souza; Francini Pereira da Silva; Rodrigo Staggemeier; Caroline Rigotto; Fernando Rosado Spilki Journal: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo Date: 2018-11-08 Impact factor: 1.846
Authors: Gislaine Fongaro; Mariana A do Nascimento; Caroline Rigotto; Giseli Ritterbusch; Alessandra D' A da Silva; Paulo A Esteves; Célia R M Barardi Journal: Virol J Date: 2013-05-28 Impact factor: 4.099