Late toxicity in survivors from adolescent cancers.

Nowadays three quarters of adolescents with cancer are cured but half of them experience a late toxic effect of antineoplastic therapy that interferes with their physical and psychosocial health. This review recapitulates late effects associated with radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery, reviews risk factors and prognosis and suggests follow-up and management strategies, excluding fertility issues. Adolescents with cancer should be the focus of active clinical research for the optimisation of antineoplastic treatment as well as for breakthroughs in the follow-up, prevention and management of toxic effects.