BACKGROUND: The claudins are tight junction (TJ) proteins. Claudin-2 has been found to negatively affect the TJ, causing a decrease in transepithelial resistance. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have altered intestinal permeability, suggesting a TJ disruption. Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) negatively regulate each other and may have opposing roles in inflammatory bowel disease. HYPOTHESIS: IFNgamma and IL-4 will have opposing effects on the expression of claudin-2. METHODS: Confluent T84 monolayers were apically incubated with IFNgamma or IL-4. The monolayers were immunofluorescently stained or lysed for Western blot with anti-claudin-2 or -4. Additional monolayers were grown on transwell plates, treated with IFNgamma or IL-4, measured for changes in transepithelial resistance, and assayed for changes in permeability using FITC-dextran-4000. Statistics were calculated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Addition of IFNgamma to T84 monolayers resulted in decreased claudin-2 and addition of IL-4 resulted in increased claudin-2 by Western blot. By immunofluorescence, there was a loss of claudin-2 from the membrane in cells treated with IFNgamma. Transepithelial resistance across T84 monolayers increased with IFNgamma and decreased with IL-4. T84 monolayer permeability increased with IL-4 but not with IFNgamma. CONCLUSIONS: Incubation of T84 cells with IL-4 leads to increased claudin-2 with a corresponding decrease in transepithelial resistance and increase in permeability. Incubation of T84 cells with IFNgamma leads to decreased claudin-2 and increased transepithelial resistance. These cytokines have opposite effects on the expression of claudin-2 and the physiology of the TJ.
BACKGROUND: The claudins are tight junction (TJ) proteins. Claudin-2 has been found to negatively affect the TJ, causing a decrease in transepithelial resistance. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have altered intestinal permeability, suggesting a TJ disruption. Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) negatively regulate each other and may have opposing roles in inflammatory bowel disease. HYPOTHESIS: IFNgamma and IL-4 will have opposing effects on the expression of claudin-2. METHODS: Confluent T84 monolayers were apically incubated with IFNgamma or IL-4. The monolayers were immunofluorescently stained or lysed for Western blot with anti-claudin-2 or -4. Additional monolayers were grown on transwell plates, treated with IFNgamma or IL-4, measured for changes in transepithelial resistance, and assayed for changes in permeability using FITC-dextran-4000. Statistics were calculated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Addition of IFNgamma to T84 monolayers resulted in decreased claudin-2 and addition of IL-4 resulted in increased claudin-2 by Western blot. By immunofluorescence, there was a loss of claudin-2 from the membrane in cells treated with IFNgamma. Transepithelial resistance across T84 monolayers increased with IFNgamma and decreased with IL-4. T84 monolayer permeability increased with IL-4 but not with IFNgamma. CONCLUSIONS: Incubation of T84 cells with IL-4 leads to increased claudin-2 with a corresponding decrease in transepithelial resistance and increase in permeability. Incubation of T84 cells with IFNgamma leads to decreased claudin-2 and increased transepithelial resistance. These cytokines have opposite effects on the expression of claudin-2 and the physiology of the TJ.
Authors: L Laval; R Martin; J N Natividad; F Chain; S Miquel; C Desclée de Maredsous; S Capronnier; H Sokol; E F Verdu; J E T van Hylckama Vlieg; L G Bermúdez-Humarán; T Smokvina; P Langella Journal: Gut Microbes Date: 2015-01-14
Authors: Kyle A Den Beste; Elizabeth K Hoddeson; Charles A Parkos; Asma Nusrat; Sarah K Wise Journal: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol Date: 2012-08-27 Impact factor: 3.858
Authors: Katherine R Groschwitz; David Wu; Heather Osterfeld; Richard Ahrens; Simon P Hogan Journal: Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol Date: 2013-01-10 Impact factor: 4.052