The contribution of Camillo Golgi to our understanding of the structure of the nervous system.

A hundred years ago Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their investigations on the structure of the nervous system. The work of Cajal is universally acknowledged, whereas Golgi's contribution is less well known. This article reviews the main achievements of Golgi in that field. In addition to Golgi's most important results, the errors he made in interpreting his own findings are examined. These errors contributed notably to a widespread neglect and underestimation of his important contributions to our understanding of the structure of the nervous system.