[Systemic therapy approaches in patients with bone metastases of urogenital malignancies].

Bone metastases develop commonly in patients with a variety of urogenital malignancies and are a major cause of morbidity and diminished quality of life in a significant proportion of urogenital carcinoma patients. For example, bone metastases occur in approximately 80% of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and in approximately 25% of patients with renal cell carcinoma. A sufficient and early therapy is crucial since adequate therapy can lead to significant improvements in pain control and function and maintain skeletal integrity. The effective treatment of bone metastases requires multidisciplinary cooperation between urologists, oncologists, surgeons, nuclear medicine physicians and radiation oncologists. Analgesic measures, bisphosphonates, radionuclides, radiation therapy as well as surgical procedures are available. This review will focus mainly on the role of analgetics, bisphosphonates, radionuclides and radiolabelled bisphosphonates in the treatment of bone metastases.